安(an)全风险(xian)是(shi)指为安(an)全生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)工作的(de)(de)实现(xian)产(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)不可预测性(xing)的(de)(de)影(ying)响因(yin)素(su)，根据(ju)对安(an)全隐患的(de)(de)辨识、评价(jia)、分(fen)级(ji)、控制等(deng)多方面工作的(de)(de)深入开展，能够(gou)降低生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)安(an)全事故发生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)机率。此文：以电(dian)厂工程项(xiang)目安(an)全风险(xian)分(fen)级(ji)管控标(biao)准化(hua)建(jian)设举例(li)，概述电(dian)力(li)工程项(xiang)目安(an)全风险(xian)分(fen)级(ji)管控标(biao)准化(hua)建(jian)设。

　　电力建(jian)设工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)项目(mu)属于建(jian)筑安(an)装施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)危(wei)行(xing)业(ye)(ye)，具有(you)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)周期(qi)长、结构多样、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)艺和(he)方法(fa)复杂、作(zuo)业(ye)(ye)种类繁多、人员流动性强、作(zuo)业(ye)(ye)人员安(an)全意(yi)识低(di)等的特点，在有(you)限的场地(di)集(ji)中(zhong)了(le)大量的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人员、建(jian)筑材料(liao)和(he)机械设备，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)项目(mu)露天及高(gao)处作(zuo)业(ye)(ye)多，受施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)环境、季节、气候等自然条件的影响较大;工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)项目(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)较多，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)艺和(he)方法(fa)多样，每道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)潜(qian)在不同的危(wei)险(xian)因(yin)素。

　　一，安全风(feng)险分级管控(kong)体系建设策(ce)划

　　项目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)部(bu)成立初期，项目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)经理(li)应组(zu)织项目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)领(ling)导班(ban)子、各职(zhi)能部(bu)门负责(ze)人(ren)、各专(zhuan)业(ye)工(gong)地负责(ze)人(ren)、作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)业(ye)班(ban)组(zu)负责(ze)人(ren)编制项目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)部(bu)《安全(quan)(quan)风(feng)(feng)险(xian)分(fen)级管控体系建设(she)实(shi)施工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方案》，成立安全(quan)(quan)风(feng)(feng)险(xian)分(fen)级管控工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)领(ling)导小组(zu)，明确安全(quan)(quan)风(feng)(feng)险(xian)分(fen)级管控体系建设(she)的职(zhi)责(ze)分(fen)工(gong)、工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)标、工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)任务、工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)程序(xu)、时(shi)间节(jie)点(dian)等(deng)内容。

　　二，安全风(feng)险辨识

　　在安(an)全(quan)(quan)风(feng)险(xian)识(shi)别单元划分的(de)基础上(shang)，项(xiang)目部(bu)应以(yi)投标文件、施工(gong)(gong)图、施工(gong)(gong)组织设(she)(she)计为依据，借鉴上(shang)级公司(si)安(an)全(quan)(quan)风(feng)险(xian)数(shu)据库、类(lei)似工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)项(xiang)目安(an)全(quan)(quan)风(feng)险(xian)管控体(ti)系建设(she)(she)资料，从功能布局、工(gong)(gong)艺方(fang)法(fa)、设(she)(she)备设(she)(she)施、作业环境、人员(yuan)行(xing)为和管理行(xing)为等方(fang)面入手，全(quan)(quan)面辨(bian)识(shi)项(xiang)目实(shi)施全(quan)(quan)过(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)涉及的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)风(feng)险(xian)，安(an)全(quan)(quan)风(feng)险(xian)辨(bian)识(shi)应动员(yuan)项(xiang)目全(quan)(quan)员(yuan)参与，以(yi)确保安(an)全(quan)(quan)风(feng)险(xian)辨(bian)识(shi)全(quan)(quan)面、无遗漏。按照不(bu)同(tong)的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)风(feng)险(xian)识(shi)别单元划分方(fang)式(shi)，安(an)全(quan)(quan)风(feng)险(xian)辨(bian)识(shi)应逐一(yi)(yi)具体(ti)到(dao)现(xian)场(chang)区域每(mei)一(yi)(yi)处(chu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)设(she)(she)施、每(mei)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)序、每(mei)一(yi)(yi)个设(she)(she)备部(bu)件、每(mei)一(yi)(yi)个作业行(xing)为。

　　三，安全风险(xian)分(fen)析(xi)

　　在综合考虑(lv)行业(ye)特点、操作(zuo)便捷性(xing)(xing)、难易程度(du)等(deng)因(yin)素，安(an)(an)全(quan)风(feng)险分析、评(ping)价推荐采用作(zuo)业(ye)条件危险性(xing)(xing)分析法(LEC)，L为(wei)风(feng)险事(shi)件发生(sheng)的(de)可能性(xing)(xing);E为(wei)暴露(lu)在这(zhei)种危险环境中(zhong)的(de)频(pin)繁程度(du);C为(wei)发生(sheng)生(sheng)产(chan)安(an)(an)全(quan)事(shi)故后(hou)果严重程度(du)。三(san)者(zhe)相乘得出风(feng)险值(zhi)，确定(ding)风(feng)险等(deng)级(ji)，进(jin)而(er)决定(ding)应当采取的(de)风(feng)险控制措施(shi)。

　　(1)风险事(shi)件发生可能性(xing)取值(zhi)

　　针对识(shi)别出(chu)的(de)风险(xian)，对照风险(xian)事(shi)(shi)件发(fa)生的(de)可能性，风险(xian)事(shi)(shi)件发(fa)生的(de)可能性(L)取值如(ru)表1所示(shi)。考虑(lv)到项(xiang)目安全(quan)管(guan)理水平、能力、精(jing)力以(yi)及关注程度等影响因素，建议(yi)风险(xian)事(shi)(shi)件发(fa)生的(de)可能性(L)取值时提高一级(ji)，以(yi)保(bao)障安全(quan)冗余度。

　　(2)发生(sheng)生(sheng)产安全事故后(hou)果严重程度(du)取值

　　从人员伤亡情(qing)(qing)况(kuang)、经济损(sun)失情(qing)(qing)况(kuang)、社会关注(zhu)度、诚信(xin)受损(sun)情(qing)(qing)况(kuang)4个(ge)方(fang)面(mian)对发生事(shi)故后(hou)果严重程度进行评(ping)价取值(zhi)，以最大值(zhi)作(zuo)为事(shi)故后(hou)果C最终取值(zhi)，即满足(zu)若(ruo)干(gan)条件(jian)之一时就(jiu)取对应的C值(zhi)，而无须满足(zu)所(suo)有条件(jian)，

　　四，安全(quan)风(feng)险评价与(yu)分级

　　安全风(feng)(feng)(feng)险(xian)(xian)(xian)评价是(shi)根据风(feng)(feng)(feng)险(xian)(xian)(xian)分析的结(jie)果，计算风(feng)(feng)(feng)险(xian)(xian)(xian)值(zhi)，确(que)定风(feng)(feng)(feng)险(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)级;参照国家能源局(ju)、上海(hai)市应急管理(li)局(ju)关于(yu)双重预防(fang)机制建设(she)的指导意见，将风(feng)(feng)(feng)险(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)级由高只低(di)划分为重大风(feng)(feng)(feng)险(xian)(xian)(xian)、较大风(feng)(feng)(feng)险(xian)(xian)(xian)、一般风(feng)(feng)(feng)险(xian)(xian)(xian)、低(di)风(feng)(feng)(feng)险(xian)(xian)(xian)，分别用红、橙、黄(huang)、蓝4种颜色标示。

　　五，安全风险控制

　　(1)安全风(feng)险控制措施

　　项目应(ying)当按(an)照识别(bie)的安全风险(xian)，从工(gong)程技术措(cuo)施、安全管(guan)理措(cuo)施、个体防护措(cuo)施、应(ying)急处置措(cuo)施4个方面(mian)制(zhi)(zhi)定风险(xian)控制(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施，包括但(dan)不限于以下内容。工(gong)程技术措(cuo)施采取(qu)先进的工(gong)艺方法和机械(xie)设备，建立安全监测监控系统(tong)，对(dui)有能量意外释(shi)放的危(wei)险(xian)源采取(qu)替代、限制(zhi)(zhi)、隔离屏蔽等(deng)措(cuo)施。

　　安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)措施建(jian)立(li)完(wan)善(shan)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)规章制度和(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)操作(zuo)规程;明确(que)按工程项(xiang)目管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)全(quan)(quan)风(feng)险(xian)控制责(ze)任部门和(he)(he)(he)责(ze)任人;定期对安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)风(feng)险(xian)控制措施进(jin)行(xing)检查;对作(zuo)业(ye)人员(yuan)进(jin)行(xing)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)教育培训和(he)(he)(he)职业(ye)技能培训;在工作(zuo)场所(suo)或岗位设置明显的(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)风(feng)险(xian)告知(zhi)卡和(he)(he)(he)警示标(biao)识。个(ge)体(ti)(ti)防护措施为作(zuo)业(ye)人员(yuan)配备符合国家或行(xing)业(ye)标(biao)准的(de)个(ge)体(ti)(ti)劳动防护用(yong)品，并定期进(jin)行(xing)更新。应(ying)急(ji)(ji)处置措施建(jian)立(li)完(wan)善(shan)应(ying)急(ji)(ji)预案(an)，成(cheng)立(li)应(ying)急(ji)(ji)救(jiu)援(yuan)队伍(wu)，配备应(ying)急(ji)(ji)救(jiu)援(yuan)物资，定期进(jin)行(xing)应(ying)急(ji)(ji)知(zhi)识培训和(he)(he)(he)应(ying)急(ji)(ji)演(yan)练。

　　(2)安全风险分级管(guan)控

　　安(an)全(quan)风(feng)险(xian)(xian)等级越(yue)(yue)高，管(guan)(guan)(guan)理难度越(yue)(yue)大、技术含量越(yue)(yue)高、所(suo)需(xu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控资(zi)源越(yue)(yue)多(duo)，因此，安(an)全(quan)风(feng)险(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控应实行分层分级管(guan)(guan)(guan)理，上一(yi)级负责管(guan)(guan)(guan)控的风(feng)险(xian)(xian)，下(xia)(xia)一(yi)级必须(xu)同时负责管(guan)(guan)(guan)控，并逐级落实具(ju)体(ti)措施，结合(he)项目部(bu)葡京体(ti)育app下(xia)(xia)载安(an)卓模式

　　六(liu)，安(an)全风(feng)险管控与事故预防

　　安全风险的有效控制，能(neng)够起到(dao)预防(fang)生(sheng)产(chan)安全事故发生(sheng)的作用，能(neng)够有效预防(fang)生(sheng)产(chan)安全事故发生(sheng)。安全风险管控体系建(jian)设是实现电力建(jian)设工程项目安全生(sheng)产(chan)目标的必(bi)要手。